Chemical reactions in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the human respiratory tract result in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to oxidative stress and adverse health effects.
The kinetic multi-layer model for surface and bulk chemistry in the epithelial lining fluid (KM-SUB-ELF) simulates the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O₃), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on ROS formation, interconversion, and reactivity, to obtain proxies for oxidative stress in the lung. Gross production (P) refers to the integrated formation rates, whereas cumulative ROS production (N) refers to the integrated formation rates not including formation through ROS interconversion (avoids double-counting).
Note to Users: if you use results from the KM-SUB-ELF model, please cite the publications listed below and this website giving the URL https://www.multiphasekinetics.org/kmsubelf.
The model available on this site is a version of KM-SUB-ELF as published in Lelieveld et al. (2021) and is offered here with a selected set of model input parameters. The model builds upon earlier work (Lakey et al. 2016) and has seen continued development in recent studies (Dovrou et al., 2023; Mishra et al., 2023; Lelieveld et al., 2024). New code developments will be made available on this website in the near future. Please contact us in case of questions or ideas for collaboration.
(1) Lelieveld, S., Wilson, J., Dovrou, E., Mishra, A., Lakey, P. S. J., Shiraiwa, M., Pöschl, U., Berkemeier, T.: Hydroxyl Radical Production by Air Pollutants in Epithelial Lining Fluid Governed by Interconversion and Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species, Environ. Sci. Technol. 55(20), 14069-14079, (2021).
(2) Lakey, P. S. J., Berkemeier, T., Tong, H., Arangio, A. M., Lucas, K., Pöschl, U., and Shiraiwa, M.: Chemical exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and reactive oxygen species in the human respiratory tract, Sci. Rep. 6, 32916, (2016).